From d055dc68dc559544f49a4d8b0761fa94d0e28183 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: aecsocket <aecsocket@tutanota.com>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 2026 10:53:35 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Payout flows in backend - fix Tremendous forex cards (#5001)

* wip: payouts flow api

* working

* Finish up flow migration

* vibe-coded frontend changes

* fix typos and vue

* fix: types

---------

Co-authored-by: Calum H. (IMB11) <contact@cal.engineer>
---
 .../ui/dashboard/WithdrawFeeBreakdown.vue     |  44 +-
 .../TremendousDetailsStage.vue                |  40 +-
 .../src/providers/creator-withdraw.ts         |  19 +-
 ...f4eeff66ab4165a9f4980032e114db4dc1286.json |  26 +
 ...30dba70ae62f9f922ed711dbb85fcf4ec5f7c.json |  15 -
 ...d2402f52fea71e27b08e7926fcc2a9e62c0f3.json |  20 +
 ...afedb074492b4ec7f2457c14113f5fd13aa02.json |  18 +
 ...e5c93783c7641b019fdb698a1ec0be1393606.json |  17 +
 apps/labrinth/src/models/v3/payouts.rs        |  11 +-
 apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/mod.rs   | 174 ++++++
 apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/mural.rs | 309 +++++++++++
 .../labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/paypal.rs | 233 ++++++++
 .../src/queue/payouts/flow/tremendous.rs      | 245 +++++++++
 apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/mod.rs        | 264 ++-------
 apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/mural.rs      | 144 +----
 apps/labrinth/src/routes/v3/payouts.rs        | 514 +-----------------
 packages/modrinth-util/src/decimal.rs         |   4 +
 17 files changed, 1224 insertions(+), 873 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-1adbd24d815107e13bc1440c7a8f4eeff66ab4165a9f4980032e114db4dc1286.json
 delete mode 100644 apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-76cf88116014e3151db2f85b0bd30dba70ae62f9f922ed711dbb85fcf4ec5f7c.json
 create mode 100644 apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-b92b5bb7d179c4fcdbc45600ccfd2402f52fea71e27b08e7926fcc2a9e62c0f3.json
 create mode 100644 apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-cd5ccd618fb3cc41646a6de86f9afedb074492b4ec7f2457c14113f5fd13aa02.json
 create mode 100644 apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-cec4240c7c848988b3dfd13e3f8e5c93783c7641b019fdb698a1ec0be1393606.json
 create mode 100644 apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/mural.rs
 create mode 100644 apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/paypal.rs
 create mode 100644 apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/tremendous.rs

diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/components/ui/dashboard/WithdrawFeeBreakdown.vue b/apps/frontend/src/components/ui/dashboard/WithdrawFeeBreakdown.vue
index c6b333791..13c2c994c 100644
--- a/apps/frontend/src/components/ui/dashboard/WithdrawFeeBreakdown.vue
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/components/ui/dashboard/WithdrawFeeBreakdown.vue
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@
 				<div class="flex items-center justify-between">
 					<span class="text-primary">{{ formatMessage(messages.feeBreakdownGiftCardValue) }}</span>
 					<span class="font-semibold text-contrast"
-						>{{ formatMoney(amount || 0) }} ({{ formattedLocalCurrency }})</span
+						>{{ formatMoney(amountInUsd) }} ({{ formattedLocalCurrencyAmount }})</span
 					>
 				</div>
 			</template>
 			<template v-else>
 				<div class="flex items-center justify-between">
 					<span class="text-primary">{{ formatMessage(messages.feeBreakdownAmount) }}</span>
-					<span class="font-semibold text-contrast">{{ formatMoney(amount || 0) }}</span>
+					<span class="font-semibold text-contrast">{{ formatMoney(amountInUsd) }}</span>
 				</div>
 			</template>
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 					<template v-if="feeLoading">
 						<LoaderCircleIcon class="size-5 animate-spin !text-secondary" />
 					</template>
-					<template v-else>-{{ formatMoney(fee || 0) }}</template>
+					<template v-else>-{{ formatMoney(feeInUsd) }}</template>
 				</span>
 			</div>
 
@@ -79,9 +79,23 @@ const props = withDefaults(
 
 const { formatMessage } = useVIntl()
 
+const amountInUsd = computed(() => {
+	if (props.isGiftCard && shouldShowExchangeRate.value) {
+		return (props.amount || 0) / (props.exchangeRate || 1)
+	}
+	return props.amount || 0
+})
+
+const feeInUsd = computed(() => {
+	if (props.isGiftCard && shouldShowExchangeRate.value) {
+		return (props.fee || 0) / (props.exchangeRate || 1)
+	}
+	return props.fee || 0
+})
+
 const netAmount = computed(() => {
-	const amount = props.amount || 0
-	const fee = props.fee || 0
+	const amount = amountInUsd.value
+	const fee = feeInUsd.value
 	return Math.max(0, amount - fee)
 })
 
@@ -96,6 +110,11 @@ const netAmountInLocalCurrency = computed(() => {
 	return netAmount.value * (props.exchangeRate || 0)
 })
 
+const localCurrencyAmount = computed(() => {
+	if (!shouldShowExchangeRate.value) return null
+	return props.amount || 0
+})
+
 const formattedLocalCurrency = computed(() => {
 	if (!shouldShowExchangeRate.value || !netAmountInLocalCurrency.value || !props.localCurrency)
 		return ''
@@ -112,6 +131,21 @@ const formattedLocalCurrency = computed(() => {
 	}
 })
 
+const formattedLocalCurrencyAmount = computed(() => {
+	if (!shouldShowExchangeRate.value || !localCurrencyAmount.value || !props.localCurrency) return ''
+
+	try {
+		return new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', {
+			style: 'currency',
+			currency: props.localCurrency,
+			minimumFractionDigits: 2,
+			maximumFractionDigits: 2,
+		}).format(localCurrencyAmount.value)
+	} catch {
+		return `${props.localCurrency} ${localCurrencyAmount.value.toFixed(2)}`
+	}
+})
+
 const messages = defineMessages({
 	feeBreakdownAmount: {
 		id: 'dashboard.creator-withdraw-modal.fee-breakdown-amount',
diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/components/ui/dashboard/withdraw-stages/TremendousDetailsStage.vue b/apps/frontend/src/components/ui/dashboard/withdraw-stages/TremendousDetailsStage.vue
index 9ba535577..7835c7cdb 100644
--- a/apps/frontend/src/components/ui/dashboard/withdraw-stages/TremendousDetailsStage.vue
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/components/ui/dashboard/withdraw-stages/TremendousDetailsStage.vue
@@ -90,7 +90,14 @@
 				</Combobox>
 			</div>
 			<span v-if="selectedMethodDetails" class="text-secondary">
-				{{ formatMoney(fixedDenominationMin ?? effectiveMinAmount)
+				{{
+					formatMoney(
+						selectedMethodCurrencyCode &&
+							selectedMethodCurrencyCode !== 'USD' &&
+							selectedMethodExchangeRate
+							? (fixedDenominationMin ?? effectiveMinAmount) / selectedMethodExchangeRate
+							: (fixedDenominationMin ?? effectiveMinAmount),
+					)
 				}}<template v-if="selectedMethodCurrencyCode && selectedMethodCurrencyCode !== 'USD'">
 					({{
 						formatAmountForDisplay(
@@ -103,9 +110,15 @@
 				min,
 				{{
 					formatMoney(
-						fixedDenominationMax ??
-							selectedMethodDetails.interval?.standard?.max ??
-							effectiveMaxAmount,
+						selectedMethodCurrencyCode &&
+							selectedMethodCurrencyCode !== 'USD' &&
+							selectedMethodExchangeRate
+							? (fixedDenominationMax ??
+									selectedMethodDetails.interval?.standard?.max ??
+									effectiveMaxAmount) / selectedMethodExchangeRate
+							: (fixedDenominationMax ??
+									selectedMethodDetails.interval?.standard?.max ??
+									effectiveMaxAmount),
 					)
 				}}<template v-if="selectedMethodCurrencyCode && selectedMethodCurrencyCode !== 'USD'">
 					({{
@@ -124,7 +137,15 @@
 				v-if="selectedMethodDetails && effectiveMinAmount > roundedMaxAmount"
 				class="text-sm text-red"
 			>
-				You need at least {{ formatMoney(effectiveMinAmount)
+				You need at least
+				{{
+					formatMoney(
+						selectedMethodCurrencyCode &&
+							selectedMethodCurrencyCode !== 'USD' &&
+							selectedMethodExchangeRate
+							? effectiveMinAmount / selectedMethodExchangeRate
+							: effectiveMinAmount,
+					)
 				}}<template v-if="selectedMethodCurrencyCode && selectedMethodCurrencyCode !== 'USD'">
 					({{
 						formatAmountForDisplay(
@@ -186,7 +207,7 @@
 								formatMessage(messages.balanceWorthHint, {
 									usdBalance: formatMoney(roundedMaxAmount),
 									localBalance: formatAmountForDisplay(
-										roundedMaxAmount,
+										roundedMaxAmount * selectedMethodExchangeRate,
 										selectedMethodCurrencyCode,
 										selectedMethodExchangeRate,
 									),
@@ -252,7 +273,7 @@
 								formatMessage(messages.balanceWorthHint, {
 									usdBalance: formatMoney(roundedMaxAmount),
 									localBalance: formatAmountForDisplay(
-										roundedMaxAmount,
+										roundedMaxAmount * selectedMethodExchangeRate,
 										selectedMethodCurrencyCode,
 										selectedMethodExchangeRate,
 									),
@@ -573,14 +594,13 @@ const giftCardExchangeRate = computed(() => {
 })
 
 function formatAmountForDisplay(
-	usdAmount: number,
+	localAmount: number,
 	currencyCode: string | null | undefined,
 	rate: number | null | undefined,
 ): string {
 	if (!currencyCode || currencyCode === 'USD' || !rate) {
-		return formatMoney(usdAmount)
+		return formatMoney(localAmount)
 	}
-	const localAmount = usdAmount * rate
 	try {
 		return new Intl.NumberFormat('en-US', {
 			style: 'currency',
diff --git a/apps/frontend/src/providers/creator-withdraw.ts b/apps/frontend/src/providers/creator-withdraw.ts
index 65b62a3c3..0f16842bc 100644
--- a/apps/frontend/src/providers/creator-withdraw.ts
+++ b/apps/frontend/src/providers/creator-withdraw.ts
@@ -40,11 +40,6 @@ export interface PayoutMethod {
 	category?: string
 	image_url: string | null
 	image_logo_url: string | null
-	fee: {
-		percentage: number
-		min: number
-		max: number | null
-	}
 	interval: {
 		standard: {
 			min: number
@@ -130,6 +125,7 @@ export interface TaxData {
 export interface CalculationData {
 	amount: number
 	fee: number | null
+	netUsd: number | null
 	exchangeRate: number | null
 }
 
@@ -400,6 +396,7 @@ export function createWithdrawContext(
 		calculation: {
 			amount: 0,
 			fee: null,
+			netUsd: null,
 			exchangeRate: null,
 		},
 		providerData: {
@@ -841,14 +838,20 @@ export function createWithdrawContext(
 			apiVersion: 3,
 			method: 'POST',
 			body: payload,
-		})) as { fee: number | string | null; exchange_rate: number | string | null }
+		})) as {
+			net_usd: number | string | null
+			fee: number | string | null
+			exchange_rate: number | string | null
+		}
 
 		const parsedFee = response.fee ? Number.parseFloat(String(response.fee)) : 0
+		const parsedNetUsd = response.net_usd ? Number.parseFloat(String(response.net_usd)) : null
 		const parsedExchangeRate = response.exchange_rate
 			? Number.parseFloat(String(response.exchange_rate))
 			: null
 
 		withdrawData.value.calculation.fee = parsedFee
+		withdrawData.value.calculation.netUsd = parsedNetUsd
 		withdrawData.value.calculation.exchangeRate = parsedExchangeRate
 
 		return {
@@ -872,7 +875,9 @@ export function createWithdrawContext(
 			created: new Date(),
 			amount: withdrawData.value.calculation.amount,
 			fee: withdrawData.value.calculation.fee || 0,
-			netAmount: withdrawData.value.calculation.amount - (withdrawData.value.calculation.fee || 0),
+			netAmount:
+				withdrawData.value.calculation.netUsd ??
+				withdrawData.value.calculation.amount - (withdrawData.value.calculation.fee || 0),
 			methodType: getMethodDisplayName(withdrawData.value.selection.method),
 			recipientDisplay: getRecipientDisplay(withdrawData.value),
 		}
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-1adbd24d815107e13bc1440c7a8f4eeff66ab4165a9f4980032e114db4dc1286.json b/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-1adbd24d815107e13bc1440c7a8f4eeff66ab4165a9f4980032e114db4dc1286.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..921f7f92d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-1adbd24d815107e13bc1440c7a8f4eeff66ab4165a9f4980032e114db4dc1286.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "db_name": "PostgreSQL",
+  "query": "\n                SELECT\n                    id,\n                    status AS \"status: PayoutStatus\"\n                FROM payouts\n                ORDER BY id\n                ",
+  "describe": {
+    "columns": [
+      {
+        "ordinal": 0,
+        "name": "id",
+        "type_info": "Int8"
+      },
+      {
+        "ordinal": 1,
+        "name": "status: PayoutStatus",
+        "type_info": "Varchar"
+      }
+    ],
+    "parameters": {
+      "Left": []
+    },
+    "nullable": [
+      false,
+      false
+    ]
+  },
+  "hash": "1adbd24d815107e13bc1440c7a8f4eeff66ab4165a9f4980032e114db4dc1286"
+}
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-76cf88116014e3151db2f85b0bd30dba70ae62f9f922ed711dbb85fcf4ec5f7c.json b/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-76cf88116014e3151db2f85b0bd30dba70ae62f9f922ed711dbb85fcf4ec5f7c.json
deleted file mode 100644
index e6a6c41d1..000000000
--- a/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-76cf88116014e3151db2f85b0bd30dba70ae62f9f922ed711dbb85fcf4ec5f7c.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "db_name": "PostgreSQL",
-  "query": "\n            UPDATE payouts\n            SET status = $1\n            WHERE id = $2\n            ",
-  "describe": {
-    "columns": [],
-    "parameters": {
-      "Left": [
-        "Varchar",
-        "Int8"
-      ]
-    },
-    "nullable": []
-  },
-  "hash": "76cf88116014e3151db2f85b0bd30dba70ae62f9f922ed711dbb85fcf4ec5f7c"
-}
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-b92b5bb7d179c4fcdbc45600ccfd2402f52fea71e27b08e7926fcc2a9e62c0f3.json b/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-b92b5bb7d179c4fcdbc45600ccfd2402f52fea71e27b08e7926fcc2a9e62c0f3.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89bd8147d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-b92b5bb7d179c4fcdbc45600ccfd2402f52fea71e27b08e7926fcc2a9e62c0f3.json
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "db_name": "PostgreSQL",
+  "query": "SELECT status AS \"status: PayoutStatus\" FROM payouts WHERE id = 1",
+  "describe": {
+    "columns": [
+      {
+        "ordinal": 0,
+        "name": "status: PayoutStatus",
+        "type_info": "Varchar"
+      }
+    ],
+    "parameters": {
+      "Left": []
+    },
+    "nullable": [
+      false
+    ]
+  },
+  "hash": "b92b5bb7d179c4fcdbc45600ccfd2402f52fea71e27b08e7926fcc2a9e62c0f3"
+}
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-cd5ccd618fb3cc41646a6de86f9afedb074492b4ec7f2457c14113f5fd13aa02.json b/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-cd5ccd618fb3cc41646a6de86f9afedb074492b4ec7f2457c14113f5fd13aa02.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..469c30168
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-cd5ccd618fb3cc41646a6de86f9afedb074492b4ec7f2457c14113f5fd13aa02.json
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  "db_name": "PostgreSQL",
+  "query": "\n                INSERT INTO payouts (id, method, platform_id, status, user_id, amount, created)\n                VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, 10.0, NOW())\n                ",
+  "describe": {
+    "columns": [],
+    "parameters": {
+      "Left": [
+        "Int8",
+        "Text",
+        "Text",
+        "Varchar",
+        "Int8"
+      ]
+    },
+    "nullable": []
+  },
+  "hash": "cd5ccd618fb3cc41646a6de86f9afedb074492b4ec7f2457c14113f5fd13aa02"
+}
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-cec4240c7c848988b3dfd13e3f8e5c93783c7641b019fdb698a1ec0be1393606.json b/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-cec4240c7c848988b3dfd13e3f8e5c93783c7641b019fdb698a1ec0be1393606.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52e020ebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/labrinth/.sqlx/query-cec4240c7c848988b3dfd13e3f8e5c93783c7641b019fdb698a1ec0be1393606.json
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "db_name": "PostgreSQL",
+  "query": "\n                    INSERT INTO payouts (id, method, platform_id, status, user_id, amount, created)\n                    VALUES ($1, $2, NULL, $3, $4, 10.00, NOW())\n                    ",
+  "describe": {
+    "columns": [],
+    "parameters": {
+      "Left": [
+        "Int8",
+        "Text",
+        "Varchar",
+        "Int8"
+      ]
+    },
+    "nullable": []
+  },
+  "hash": "cec4240c7c848988b3dfd13e3f8e5c93783c7641b019fdb698a1ec0be1393606"
+}
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/src/models/v3/payouts.rs b/apps/labrinth/src/models/v3/payouts.rs
index c431ca751..574dde676 100644
--- a/apps/labrinth/src/models/v3/payouts.rs
+++ b/apps/labrinth/src/models/v3/payouts.rs
@@ -49,6 +49,14 @@ impl Payout {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, utoipa::ToSchema)]
+pub struct Withdrawal {
+    pub amount: Decimal,
+    #[serde(flatten)]
+    pub method: PayoutMethodRequest,
+    pub method_id: String,
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, utoipa::ToSchema)]
 #[serde(tag = "method", rename_all = "lowercase")]
 #[expect(
@@ -238,14 +246,13 @@ pub struct PayoutMethod {
     pub image_url: Option<String>,
     pub image_logo_url: Option<String>,
     pub interval: PayoutInterval,
-    pub fee: PayoutMethodFee,
     pub currency_code: Option<String>,
     /// USD to the given `currency_code`.
     #[serde(with = "rust_decimal::serde::float_option")]
     pub exchange_rate: Option<Decimal>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct PayoutMethodFee {
     #[serde(with = "rust_decimal::serde::float")]
     pub percentage: Decimal,
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/mod.rs b/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44555cd3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+//! Centralized place where payout rails are defined - their fees, minimum and
+//! maximum withdraw amounts, and execution logic.
+
+use eyre::eyre;
+use modrinth_util::decimal::Decimal2dp;
+use rust_decimal::Decimal;
+use sqlx::PgTransaction;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+pub mod mural;
+pub mod paypal;
+pub mod tremendous;
+
+use crate::{
+    database::models::{DBPayoutId, DBUser},
+    models::payouts::{PayoutMethodRequest, Withdrawal},
+    queue::payouts::PayoutsQueue,
+    routes::ApiError,
+    util::{error::Context, gotenberg::GotenbergClient},
+};
+
+impl PayoutsQueue {
+    /// Begins a payout creation flow.
+    ///
+    /// A payout creation flow is preparation for sending a user some amount of
+    /// money, but does not actually send the money until [`PayoutFlow::execute`]
+    /// is called. This allows callers to get information like the payout fee,
+    /// minimum, and maximum amounts for validation before actually sending the
+    /// payout.
+    pub async fn create_payout_flow(
+        &self,
+        withdrawal: Withdrawal,
+    ) -> Result<PayoutFlow, ApiError> {
+        let get_method = async {
+            let method = self
+                .get_payout_methods()
+                .await
+                .wrap_internal_err("failed to fetch payout methods")?
+                .into_iter()
+                .find(|method| method.id == withdrawal.method_id)
+                .wrap_request_err("invalid payout method ID")?;
+            Ok::<_, ApiError>(method)
+        };
+
+        match withdrawal.method {
+            PayoutMethodRequest::PayPal => {
+                paypal::create(self, withdrawal.amount, false).await
+            }
+            PayoutMethodRequest::Venmo => {
+                paypal::create(self, withdrawal.amount, true).await
+            }
+            PayoutMethodRequest::MuralPay { method_details } => {
+                mural::create(self, withdrawal.amount, method_details).await
+            }
+            PayoutMethodRequest::Tremendous { method_details } => {
+                tremendous::create(
+                    self,
+                    withdrawal.amount,
+                    method_details,
+                    &get_method.await?,
+                )
+                .await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct PayoutFlow {
+    /// Net amount that the user receives after fees, in USD.
+    pub net_usd: Decimal2dp,
+    /// Total payout fee, in USD.
+    pub total_fee_usd: Decimal2dp,
+    /// Minimum payout amount, in USD.
+    pub min_amount_usd: Decimal2dp,
+    /// Maximum payout amount, in USD.
+    pub max_amount_usd: Decimal2dp,
+    /// Currency conversion rate from USD to the payout currency.
+    pub forex_usd_to_currency: Option<Decimal>,
+    inner: PayoutFlowInner,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[expect(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
+enum PayoutFlowInner {
+    PayPal(paypal::PayPalFlow),
+    Mural(mural::MuralFlow),
+    Tremendous(tremendous::TremendousFlow),
+}
+
+struct ExecuteContext<'a> {
+    queue: &'a PayoutsQueue,
+    user: &'a DBUser,
+    payout_id: DBPayoutId,
+    transaction: PgTransaction<'a>,
+    gotenberg: &'a GotenbergClient,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ReadyPayoutFlow {
+    inner: PayoutFlowInner,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum ValidateError {
+    #[error("insufficient balance")]
+    InsufficientBalance,
+    #[error("withdraw amount below minimum")]
+    BelowMin,
+    #[error("withdraw amount above maximum")]
+    AboveMax,
+}
+
+impl PayoutFlow {
+    /// Checks that this payout can be sent if the recipient has the specified
+    /// balance.
+    pub fn validate(
+        self,
+        balance_usd: Decimal,
+    ) -> Result<ReadyPayoutFlow, ValidateError> {
+        let gross_usd = self.net_usd + self.total_fee_usd;
+        if balance_usd < gross_usd {
+            return Err(ValidateError::InsufficientBalance);
+        }
+        if gross_usd < self.min_amount_usd {
+            return Err(ValidateError::BelowMin);
+        }
+        if gross_usd > self.max_amount_usd {
+            return Err(ValidateError::AboveMax);
+        }
+        Ok(ReadyPayoutFlow { inner: self.inner })
+    }
+}
+
+impl ReadyPayoutFlow {
+    /// Executes this payout.
+    pub async fn execute(
+        self,
+        queue: &PayoutsQueue,
+        user: &DBUser,
+        payout_id: DBPayoutId,
+        transaction: PgTransaction<'_>,
+        gotenberg: &GotenbergClient,
+    ) -> Result<(), ApiError> {
+        let cx = ExecuteContext {
+            queue,
+            user,
+            payout_id,
+            transaction,
+            gotenberg,
+        };
+
+        match self.inner {
+            PayoutFlowInner::PayPal(flow) => paypal::execute(cx, flow).await,
+            PayoutFlowInner::Mural(flow) => mural::execute(cx, flow).await,
+            PayoutFlowInner::Tremendous(flow) => {
+                tremendous::execute(cx, flow).await
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_verified_email(user: &DBUser) -> Result<&str, ApiError> {
+    let email = user.email.as_ref().wrap_request_err(
+        "you must add an email to your account to withdraw",
+    )?;
+    if !user.email_verified {
+        return Err(ApiError::Request(eyre!(
+            "you must verify your email to withdraw"
+        )));
+    }
+
+    Ok(email)
+}
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/mural.rs b/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/mural.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86cb2afc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/mural.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+use ariadne::ids::UserId;
+use chrono::Utc;
+use eyre::eyre;
+use modrinth_util::decimal::Decimal2dp;
+use muralpay::FiatAndRailCode;
+use rust_decimal::{Decimal, RoundingStrategy, dec};
+use tracing::error;
+
+use crate::{
+    database::models::payout_item::DBPayout,
+    models::payouts::{
+        MuralPayDetails, PayoutMethodFee, PayoutMethodType, PayoutStatus,
+    },
+    queue::payouts::{
+        PayoutsQueue,
+        flow::{
+            ExecuteContext, PayoutFlow, PayoutFlowInner, get_verified_email,
+        },
+        mural::MuralPayoutRequest,
+    },
+    routes::ApiError,
+    util::error::Context,
+};
+
+pub const PLATFORM_FEE: PayoutMethodFee = PayoutMethodFee {
+    percentage: dec!(0.01),
+    min: Decimal::ZERO,
+    max: None,
+};
+
+// USDC has much lower fees.
+pub const MIN_USD_BLOCKCHAIN: Decimal2dp = Decimal2dp::new_unchecked(dec!(0.1));
+
+pub fn min_usd_fiat(fiat_and_rail_code: FiatAndRailCode) -> Decimal2dp {
+    match fiat_and_rail_code {
+        // Due to relatively low volume of Peru withdrawals, fees are higher,
+        // so we need to raise the minimum to cover these fees.
+        FiatAndRailCode::UsdPeru => Decimal2dp::new(dec!(10.0)),
+        _ => Decimal2dp::new(dec!(5.0)),
+    }
+    .unwrap()
+}
+
+pub const MAX_USD: Decimal2dp = Decimal2dp::new_unchecked(dec!(10_000.0));
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(super) struct MuralFlow {
+    net_usd: Decimal2dp,
+    method_fee_usd: Decimal2dp,
+    platform_fee_usd: Decimal2dp,
+    payout_details: MuralPayoutRequest,
+    recipient_info: muralpay::CreatePayoutRecipientInfo,
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn create(
+    queue: &PayoutsQueue,
+    amount: Decimal,
+    details: MuralPayDetails,
+) -> Result<PayoutFlow, ApiError> {
+    let gross_usd =
+        Decimal2dp::new(amount).wrap_request_err("invalid amount")?;
+    let platform_fee_usd = Decimal2dp::rounded(
+        PLATFORM_FEE.compute_fee(gross_usd),
+        RoundingStrategy::AwayFromZero,
+    );
+
+    let mural = queue.muralpay.load();
+    let mural = mural
+        .as_ref()
+        .wrap_internal_err("Mural client not available")?;
+
+    let method_fee_usd;
+    let forex_usd_to_currency;
+    let min_amount_usd;
+
+    match &details.payout_details {
+        MuralPayoutRequest::Blockchain { .. } => {
+            method_fee_usd = Decimal2dp::ZERO;
+            forex_usd_to_currency = None;
+            min_amount_usd = MIN_USD_BLOCKCHAIN;
+        }
+        MuralPayoutRequest::Fiat {
+            fiat_and_rail_details,
+            ..
+        } => {
+            let fiat_and_rail_code = fiat_and_rail_details.code();
+
+            let fees = mural
+                .client
+                .get_fees_for_token_amount(&[muralpay::TokenFeeRequest {
+                    amount: muralpay::TokenAmount {
+                        token_symbol: muralpay::USDC.into(),
+                        token_amount: gross_usd.get(),
+                    },
+                    fiat_and_rail_code,
+                }])
+                .await
+                .wrap_internal_err("failed to request fees")?;
+            let fee = fees
+                .into_iter()
+                .next()
+                .wrap_internal_err("no fees returned")?;
+
+            match fee {
+                muralpay::TokenPayoutFee::Success {
+                    exchange_rate,
+                    fee_total,
+                    ..
+                } => {
+                    method_fee_usd = Decimal2dp::rounded(
+                        fee_total.token_amount,
+                        RoundingStrategy::AwayFromZero,
+                    );
+                    forex_usd_to_currency = Some(exchange_rate);
+                    min_amount_usd = min_usd_fiat(fiat_and_rail_code);
+                }
+                muralpay::TokenPayoutFee::Error { message, .. } => {
+                    return Err(ApiError::Internal(eyre!(
+                        "failed to compute fee: {message}"
+                    )));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let total_fee_usd = method_fee_usd + platform_fee_usd;
+    let net_usd = gross_usd - total_fee_usd;
+
+    Ok(PayoutFlow {
+        net_usd,
+        total_fee_usd,
+        min_amount_usd,
+        max_amount_usd: MAX_USD,
+        forex_usd_to_currency,
+        inner: PayoutFlowInner::Mural(MuralFlow {
+            net_usd,
+            method_fee_usd,
+            platform_fee_usd,
+            payout_details: details.payout_details,
+            recipient_info: details.recipient_info,
+        }),
+    })
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn execute(
+    ExecuteContext {
+        queue,
+        user,
+        payout_id,
+        mut transaction,
+        gotenberg,
+    }: ExecuteContext<'_>,
+    MuralFlow {
+        net_usd,
+        method_fee_usd,
+        platform_fee_usd,
+        payout_details,
+        recipient_info,
+    }: MuralFlow,
+) -> Result<(), ApiError> {
+    let user_email = get_verified_email(user)?;
+    let sent_to_method_usd = net_usd + method_fee_usd;
+    let total_fee_usd = method_fee_usd + platform_fee_usd;
+
+    let mural = queue.muralpay.load();
+    let mural = mural
+        .as_ref()
+        .wrap_internal_err("Mural client not available")?;
+
+    let payment_statement_doc = queue
+        .create_mural_payment_statement_doc(
+            payout_id,
+            net_usd,
+            total_fee_usd,
+            &recipient_info,
+            gotenberg,
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+    let user_id = UserId::from(user.id);
+    let method_id = match &payout_details {
+        MuralPayoutRequest::Blockchain { .. } => {
+            "blockchain-usdc-polygon".to_string()
+        }
+        MuralPayoutRequest::Fiat {
+            fiat_and_rail_details,
+            ..
+        } => fiat_and_rail_details.code().to_string(),
+    };
+
+    let payout_details = match payout_details {
+        crate::queue::payouts::mural::MuralPayoutRequest::Fiat {
+            bank_name,
+            bank_account_owner,
+            fiat_and_rail_details,
+        } => muralpay::CreatePayoutDetails::Fiat {
+            bank_name,
+            bank_account_owner,
+            developer_fee: None,
+            fiat_and_rail_details,
+        },
+        crate::queue::payouts::mural::MuralPayoutRequest::Blockchain {
+            wallet_address,
+        } => {
+            muralpay::CreatePayoutDetails::Blockchain {
+                wallet_details: muralpay::WalletDetails {
+                    // only Polygon chain is currently supported
+                    blockchain: muralpay::Blockchain::Polygon,
+                    wallet_address,
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let payout = muralpay::CreatePayout {
+        amount: muralpay::TokenAmount {
+            token_amount: sent_to_method_usd.get(),
+            token_symbol: muralpay::USDC.into(),
+        },
+        payout_details,
+        recipient_info,
+        supporting_details: Some(muralpay::SupportingDetails {
+            supporting_document: Some(format!(
+                "data:application/pdf;base64,{}",
+                payment_statement_doc.body
+            )),
+            payout_purpose: Some(muralpay::PayoutPurpose::VendorPayment),
+        }),
+    };
+
+    let payout_request = mural
+        .client
+        .create_payout_request(
+            mural.source_account_id,
+            Some(format!("User {user_id}")),
+            &[payout],
+        )
+        .await
+        .map_err(|err| match err {
+            muralpay::MuralError::Api(err) => ApiError::Mural(Box::new(err)),
+            err => ApiError::Internal(
+                eyre!(err).wrap_err("failed to create payout request"),
+            ),
+        })?;
+
+    // Once the Mural payout request has been created successfully,
+    // then we *must* commit *a* payout row into the DB, to link the Mural
+    // payout request to the `payout` row, and to subtract the user's balance.
+    // Even if we can't execute the payout afterwards.
+    // For this, we create a payout, try to execute it, and no matter what
+    // happens, insert the payout row.
+    // Otherwise if we don't put it into the DB, we've got a ghost Mural
+    // payout with no related database entry.
+    // However, this doesn't mean that the payout will definitely go through.
+    // For this, we need to execute it, and handle errors.
+
+    let mut payout = DBPayout {
+        id: payout_id,
+        user_id: user.id,
+        created: Utc::now(),
+        // after the payout has been successfully executed,
+        // we wait for Mural's confirmation that the funds have been delivered
+        // done in `SyncPayoutStatuses` background task
+        status: PayoutStatus::InTransit,
+        amount: net_usd.get(),
+        fee: Some(total_fee_usd.get()),
+        method: Some(PayoutMethodType::MuralPay),
+        method_id: Some(method_id),
+        method_address: Some(user_email.to_string()),
+        platform_id: Some(payout_request.id.to_string()),
+    };
+
+    // poor man's async try/catch block
+    let result = (async {
+        mural
+            .client
+            .execute_payout_request(payout_request.id)
+            .await
+            .wrap_internal_err("failed to execute payout request")?;
+        Ok::<_, ApiError>(())
+    })
+    .await;
+
+    if let Err(caught_err) = result {
+        payout.status = PayoutStatus::Failed;
+
+        // if execution fails, make sure to immediately cancel the payout request
+        // we don't want floating payout requests
+        if let Err(err) =
+            queue.cancel_mural_payout_request(payout_request.id).await
+        {
+            error!(
+                "Failed to cancel unexecuted payout request: {err:#}\noriginal error: {caught_err:#}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    payout
+        .insert(&mut transaction)
+        .await
+        .wrap_internal_err("failed to insert payout")?;
+
+    transaction
+        .commit()
+        .await
+        .wrap_internal_err("failed to commit transaction")?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/paypal.rs b/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/paypal.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8e20e279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/paypal.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+use chrono::Utc;
+use modrinth_util::decimal::Decimal2dp;
+use reqwest::Method;
+use rust_decimal::{Decimal, RoundingStrategy, dec};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde_json::json;
+use tracing::error;
+
+use crate::{
+    database::models::payout_item::DBPayout,
+    models::payouts::{PayoutMethodFee, PayoutMethodType, PayoutStatus},
+    queue::payouts::{
+        PayoutsQueue,
+        flow::{ExecuteContext, PayoutFlow, PayoutFlowInner},
+    },
+    routes::ApiError,
+    util::error::Context,
+};
+
+pub const FEE: PayoutMethodFee = PayoutMethodFee {
+    percentage: dec!(0.02),
+    min: dec!(0.25),
+    max: Some(dec!(1.0)),
+};
+
+pub const MIN_USD: Decimal2dp = Decimal2dp::new_unchecked(dec!(0.25));
+pub const MAX_USD: Decimal2dp = Decimal2dp::new_unchecked(dec!(100_000.0));
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(super) struct PayPalFlow {
+    is_venmo: bool,
+    net_usd: Decimal2dp,
+    fee_usd: Decimal2dp,
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn create(
+    _queue: &PayoutsQueue,
+    amount: Decimal,
+    is_venmo: bool,
+) -> Result<PayoutFlow, ApiError> {
+    let gross_usd =
+        Decimal2dp::new(amount).wrap_request_err("invalid amount")?;
+    let fee_usd = Decimal2dp::rounded(
+        FEE.compute_fee(amount),
+        RoundingStrategy::AwayFromZero,
+    );
+    let net_usd = gross_usd - fee_usd;
+
+    Ok(PayoutFlow {
+        net_usd,
+        total_fee_usd: fee_usd,
+        min_amount_usd: MIN_USD,
+        max_amount_usd: MAX_USD,
+        forex_usd_to_currency: None,
+        inner: PayoutFlowInner::PayPal(PayPalFlow {
+            is_venmo,
+            net_usd,
+            fee_usd,
+        }),
+    })
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn execute(
+    ExecuteContext {
+        queue,
+        user,
+        payout_id,
+        mut transaction,
+        gotenberg: _,
+    }: ExecuteContext<'_>,
+    PayPalFlow {
+        is_venmo,
+        net_usd,
+        fee_usd,
+    }: PayPalFlow,
+) -> Result<(), ApiError> {
+    #[derive(Deserialize)]
+    struct PayPalLink {
+        href: String,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Deserialize)]
+    struct PayoutsResponse {
+        pub links: Vec<PayPalLink>,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Deserialize)]
+    struct PayoutItem {
+        pub payout_item_id: String,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Deserialize)]
+    struct PayoutData {
+        pub items: Vec<PayoutItem>,
+    }
+
+    // keep the `method_id` code here since the big if block below is legacy code
+    // when we had paypal intl methods as well
+    let method_id = if is_venmo { "venmo" } else { "paypal_us" };
+
+    let (wallet, wallet_type, address, display_address) = if is_venmo {
+        if let Some(venmo) = &user.venmo_handle {
+            ("Venmo", "user_handle", venmo.clone(), venmo)
+        } else {
+            return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(
+                "Venmo address has not been set for account!".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+    } else if let Some(paypal_id) = &user.paypal_id {
+        if let Some(paypal_country) = &user.paypal_country {
+            if paypal_country == "US" && method_id != "paypal_us" {
+                return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(
+                    "Please use the US PayPal transfer option!".to_string(),
+                ));
+            } else if paypal_country != "US" && method_id == "paypal_us" {
+                return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(
+                    "Please use the International PayPal transfer option!"
+                        .to_string(),
+                ));
+            }
+
+            (
+                "PayPal",
+                "paypal_id",
+                paypal_id.clone(),
+                user.paypal_email.as_ref().unwrap_or(paypal_id),
+            )
+        } else {
+            return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(
+                "Please re-link your PayPal account!".to_string(),
+            ));
+        }
+    } else {
+        return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(
+            "You have not linked a PayPal account!".to_string(),
+        ));
+    };
+
+    let payout_req = json!({
+        "sender_batch_header": {
+            "sender_batch_id": format!("{}-payouts", Utc::now().to_rfc3339()),
+            "email_subject": "You have received a payment from Modrinth!",
+            "email_message": "Thank you for creating projects on Modrinth. Please claim this payment within 30 days.",
+        },
+        "items": [{
+            "amount": {
+                "currency": "USD",
+                "value": net_usd.to_string()
+            },
+            "receiver": address,
+            "note": "Payment from Modrinth creator monetization program",
+            "recipient_type": wallet_type,
+            "recipient_wallet": wallet,
+            "sender_item_id": crate::models::ids::PayoutId::from(payout_id),
+        }]
+    });
+
+    let res: PayoutsResponse = queue
+        .make_paypal_request(
+            Method::POST,
+            "payments/payouts",
+            Some(payout_req),
+            None,
+            None,
+        )
+        .await
+        .wrap_internal_err("failed to make payout request")?;
+
+    // by this point, we've made a monetary payout request to this user;
+    // no matter what we do, we *must* track this payout in the DB,
+    // even if the next steps fail, so that the user's balance is subtracted.
+
+    let mut payout = DBPayout {
+        id: payout_id,
+        user_id: user.id,
+        created: Utc::now(),
+        status: PayoutStatus::InTransit,
+        amount: net_usd.get(),
+        fee: Some(fee_usd.get()),
+        method: Some(if is_venmo {
+            PayoutMethodType::Venmo
+        } else {
+            PayoutMethodType::PayPal
+        }),
+        method_id: Some(method_id.to_string()),
+        method_address: Some(display_address.clone()),
+        platform_id: None, // attempt to populate this later
+    };
+
+    // poor man's async try/catch block
+    let result = (async {
+        let link = res
+            .links
+            .first()
+            .wrap_request_err("no PayPal links available")?;
+
+        let res = queue
+            .make_paypal_request::<(), PayoutData>(
+                Method::GET,
+                &link.href,
+                None,
+                None,
+                Some(true),
+            )
+            .await
+            .wrap_internal_err("failed to make PayPal link request")?;
+        let data = res.items.first().wrap_internal_err(
+            "no payout items returned from PayPal link request",
+        )?;
+
+        payout.platform_id = Some(data.payout_item_id.clone());
+        Ok::<_, ApiError>(())
+    })
+    .await;
+
+    if let Err(err) = result {
+        error!(
+            "Failed to get PayPal payout platform ID, will track this payout with no platform ID: {err:#}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    payout
+        .insert(&mut transaction)
+        .await
+        .wrap_internal_err("failed to insert payout")?;
+
+    transaction
+        .commit()
+        .await
+        .wrap_internal_err("failed to commit transaction")?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/tremendous.rs b/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/tremendous.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5b2cc1ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/flow/tremendous.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+use chrono::Utc;
+use eyre::eyre;
+use modrinth_util::decimal::Decimal2dp;
+use reqwest::Method;
+use rust_decimal::{Decimal, RoundingStrategy, dec};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde_json::json;
+
+use crate::{
+    database::models::payout_item::DBPayout,
+    models::payouts::{
+        PayoutMethod, PayoutMethodFee, PayoutMethodType, PayoutStatus,
+        TremendousCurrency, TremendousDetails, TremendousForexResponse,
+    },
+    queue::payouts::{
+        PayoutsQueue,
+        flow::{
+            ExecuteContext, PayoutFlow, PayoutFlowInner, get_verified_email,
+        },
+    },
+    routes::ApiError,
+    util::error::Context,
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(super) struct TremendousFlow {
+    value_denomination: Decimal,
+    value_currency_code: String,
+    net_usd: Decimal2dp,
+    total_fee_usd: Decimal2dp,
+    delivery_email: String,
+    method_id: String,
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn create(
+    queue: &PayoutsQueue,
+    amount: Decimal,
+    details: TremendousDetails,
+    method: &PayoutMethod,
+) -> Result<PayoutFlow, ApiError> {
+    let forex: TremendousForexResponse = queue
+        .make_tremendous_request(Method::GET, "forex", None::<()>)
+        .await
+        .wrap_internal_err("failed to fetch Tremendous forex data")?;
+    let usd_to_currency_for = |currency_code: &str| {
+        forex
+            .forex
+            .get(currency_code)
+            .copied()
+            .wrap_internal_err_with(|| {
+                eyre!("no Tremendous forex rate for '{currency_code}'")
+            })
+    };
+
+    let category = method.category.as_ref().wrap_internal_err_with(|| {
+        eyre!("method '{}' should have a category", method.id)
+    })?;
+
+    let delivery_email = details.delivery_email;
+    let method_id = method.id.clone();
+
+    match category.as_str() {
+        "paypal" | "venmo" => {
+            let currency = details.currency.unwrap_or(TremendousCurrency::Usd);
+            let currency_code = currency.to_string();
+            let usd_to_currency = usd_to_currency_for(&currency_code)?;
+
+            let fee = PayoutMethodFee {
+                // If a user withdraws $10:
+                //
+                //   amount charged by Tremendous = X * 1.04 = $10.00
+                //
+                // We have to solve for X here:
+                //
+                //   X = $10.00 / 1.04
+                //
+                // So the percentage fee is `1 - (1 / 1.04)`
+                // Roughly 0.03846, not 0.04
+                percentage: dec!(1) - (dec!(1) / dec!(1.04)),
+                min: dec!(0.25),
+                max: None,
+            };
+
+            let gross_usd =
+                Decimal2dp::new(amount).wrap_request_err("invalid amount")?;
+
+            let total_fee_usd = Decimal2dp::rounded(
+                fee.compute_fee(amount),
+                RoundingStrategy::AwayFromZero,
+            );
+            let net_usd = gross_usd - total_fee_usd;
+
+            Ok(PayoutFlow {
+                net_usd,
+                total_fee_usd,
+                min_amount_usd: Decimal2dp::ZERO,
+                max_amount_usd: Decimal2dp::new(dec!(5000.0)).unwrap(),
+                forex_usd_to_currency: Some(usd_to_currency),
+                inner: PayoutFlowInner::Tremendous(TremendousFlow {
+                    // In the Tremendous dashboard, we have configured it so that,
+                    // if we make a $10 request for a premium method, *we* get
+                    // charged an extra 4% - the user gets the full $10, and we get
+                    // $10.40 subtracted from our Tremendous balance.
+                    //
+                    // To offset this, we (the platform) take the fees off before
+                    // we send the request to Tremendous. Afterwards, the method
+                    // (Tremendous) will take 0% off the top of our $10.
+                    value_denomination: net_usd.get(),
+                    value_currency_code: TremendousCurrency::Usd.to_string(),
+                    net_usd,
+                    total_fee_usd,
+                    delivery_email,
+                    method_id,
+                }),
+            })
+        }
+        _ => {
+            let currency_code =
+                if let Some(currency_code) = &method.currency_code {
+                    currency_code.clone()
+                } else {
+                    TremendousCurrency::Usd.to_string()
+                };
+            let usd_to_currency = usd_to_currency_for(&currency_code)?;
+            let currency_to_usd = dec!(1) / usd_to_currency;
+
+            // no fees
+            let net_usd = Decimal2dp::rounded(
+                amount * currency_to_usd,
+                RoundingStrategy::AwayFromZero,
+            );
+
+            Ok(PayoutFlow {
+                net_usd,
+                total_fee_usd: Decimal2dp::ZERO,
+                min_amount_usd: Decimal2dp::ZERO,
+                max_amount_usd: Decimal2dp::new(dec!(10_000.0)).unwrap(),
+                forex_usd_to_currency: Some(usd_to_currency),
+                inner: PayoutFlowInner::Tremendous(TremendousFlow {
+                    // we have to use the exact `amount` here,
+                    // since interval cards (e.g. PLN 70.00)
+                    // require you to input that exact amount
+                    value_denomination: amount,
+                    value_currency_code: currency_code,
+                    net_usd,
+                    total_fee_usd: Decimal2dp::ZERO,
+                    delivery_email,
+                    method_id,
+                }),
+            })
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn execute(
+    ExecuteContext {
+        queue,
+        user,
+        payout_id,
+        mut transaction,
+        gotenberg: _,
+    }: ExecuteContext<'_>,
+    TremendousFlow {
+        value_denomination,
+        value_currency_code,
+        net_usd,
+        total_fee_usd,
+        delivery_email,
+        method_id,
+    }: TremendousFlow,
+) -> Result<(), ApiError> {
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+    struct Reward {
+        pub id: String,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+    struct Order {
+        pub rewards: Vec<Reward>,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+    struct TremendousResponse {
+        pub order: Order,
+    }
+
+    let user_email = get_verified_email(user)?;
+
+    let order_req = json!({
+        "payment": {
+            "funding_source_id": "BALANCE",
+        },
+        "rewards": [{
+            "value": {
+                "denomination": value_denomination,
+                "currency_code": value_currency_code,
+            },
+            "delivery": {
+                "method": "EMAIL"
+            },
+            "recipient": {
+                "name": user.username,
+                "email": delivery_email
+            },
+            "products": [
+                method_id,
+            ],
+            "campaign_id": dotenvy::var("TREMENDOUS_CAMPAIGN_ID")?,
+        }]
+    });
+
+    let order_res: TremendousResponse = queue
+        .make_tremendous_request(Method::POST, "orders", Some(order_req))
+        .await
+        .wrap_internal_err("failed to make Tremendous order request")?;
+
+    let platform_id = order_res
+        .order
+        .rewards
+        .first()
+        .map(|reward| reward.id.clone());
+
+    DBPayout {
+        id: payout_id,
+        user_id: user.id,
+        created: Utc::now(),
+        status: PayoutStatus::InTransit,
+        amount: net_usd.get(),
+        fee: Some(total_fee_usd.get()),
+        method: Some(PayoutMethodType::Tremendous),
+        method_id: Some(method_id),
+        method_address: Some(user_email.to_string()),
+        platform_id,
+    }
+    .insert(&mut transaction)
+    .await
+    .wrap_internal_err("failed to insert payout")?;
+
+    transaction
+        .commit()
+        .await
+        .wrap_internal_err("failed to commit transaction")?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/mod.rs b/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/mod.rs
index b68bcdb05..1402df6a8 100644
--- a/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/mod.rs
+++ b/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/mod.rs
@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@ use crate::database::models::notification_item::NotificationBuilder;
 use crate::database::models::payouts_values_notifications;
 use crate::database::redis::RedisPool;
 use crate::models::payouts::{
-    MuralPayDetails, PayoutDecimal, PayoutInterval, PayoutMethod,
-    PayoutMethodFee, PayoutMethodRequest, PayoutMethodType,
+    PayoutDecimal, PayoutInterval, PayoutMethod, PayoutMethodType,
     TremendousForexResponse,
 };
 use crate::models::projects::MonetizationStatus;
-use crate::queue::payouts::mural::MuralPayoutRequest;
 use crate::routes::ApiError;
 use crate::util::env::env_var;
 use crate::util::error::Context;
@@ -18,12 +16,13 @@ use arc_swap::ArcSwapOption;
 use base64::Engine;
 use chrono::{DateTime, Datelike, Duration, NaiveTime, TimeZone, Utc};
 use dashmap::DashMap;
-use eyre::{Result, eyre};
+use eyre::Result;
 use futures::TryStreamExt;
 use modrinth_util::decimal::Decimal2dp;
+use muralpay::FiatAndRailCode;
 use reqwest::Method;
+use rust_decimal::Decimal;
 use rust_decimal::prelude::ToPrimitive;
-use rust_decimal::{Decimal, RoundingStrategy, dec};
 use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_json::Value;
@@ -33,9 +32,9 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 use tracing::{error, info, warn};
 
-pub mod mural;
-
 mod affiliate;
+pub mod flow;
+pub mod mural;
 pub use affiliate::{
     process_affiliate_payouts, remove_payouts_for_refunded_charges,
 };
@@ -102,18 +101,28 @@ fn create_muralpay_methods() -> Vec<PayoutMethod> {
         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
     let currencies = vec![
-        ("blockchain_usdc_polygon", "USDC on Polygon", all_countries),
-        ("fiat_mxn", "MXN", vec!["MX"]),
-        ("fiat_brl", "BRL", vec!["BR"]),
-        ("fiat_clp", "CLP", vec!["CL"]),
-        ("fiat_crc", "CRC", vec!["CR"]),
-        ("fiat_pen", "PEN", vec!["PE"]),
+        (
+            "blockchain_usdc_polygon",
+            "USDC on Polygon",
+            all_countries,
+            None,
+        ),
+        ("fiat_mxn", "MXN", vec!["MX"], Some(FiatAndRailCode::Mxn)),
+        ("fiat_brl", "BRL", vec!["BR"], Some(FiatAndRailCode::Brl)),
+        ("fiat_clp", "CLP", vec!["CL"], Some(FiatAndRailCode::Clp)),
+        ("fiat_crc", "CRC", vec!["CR"], Some(FiatAndRailCode::Crc)),
+        ("fiat_pen", "PEN", vec!["PE"], Some(FiatAndRailCode::Pen)),
         // ("fiat_dop", "DOP"), // unsupported in API
         // ("fiat_uyu", "UYU"), // unsupported in API
-        ("fiat_ars", "ARS", vec!["AR"]),
-        ("fiat_cop", "COP", vec!["CO"]),
-        ("fiat_usd", "USD", vec!["US"]),
-        ("fiat_usd-peru", "USD Peru", vec!["PE"]),
+        ("fiat_ars", "ARS", vec!["AR"], Some(FiatAndRailCode::Ars)),
+        ("fiat_cop", "COP", vec!["CO"], Some(FiatAndRailCode::Cop)),
+        ("fiat_usd", "USD", vec!["US"], Some(FiatAndRailCode::Usd)),
+        (
+            "fiat_usd-peru",
+            "USD Peru",
+            vec!["PE"],
+            Some(FiatAndRailCode::UsdPeru),
+        ),
         // ("fiat_usd-panama", "USD Panama"), // by request
         (
             "fiat_eur",
@@ -122,44 +131,37 @@ fn create_muralpay_methods() -> Vec<PayoutMethod> {
                 "DE", "FR", "IT", "ES", "NL", "BE", "AT", "PT", "FI", "IE",
                 "GR", "LU", "CY", "MT", "SK", "SI", "EE", "LV", "LT",
             ],
+            Some(FiatAndRailCode::Eur),
         ),
     ];
 
     currencies
         .into_iter()
-        .map(|(id, currency, countries)| PayoutMethod {
-            id: id.to_string(),
-            type_: PayoutMethodType::MuralPay,
-            name: format!("Mural Pay - {currency}"),
-            category: None,
-            supported_countries: countries
-                .iter()
-                .map(|s| s.to_string())
-                .collect(),
-            image_url: None,
-            image_logo_url: None,
-            interval: PayoutInterval::Standard {
-                // Different countries and currencies supported by Mural have different fees.
-                min: match id {
-                    // Due to relatively low volume of Peru withdrawals, fees are higher,
-                    // so we need to raise the minimum to cover these fees.
-                    "fiat_usd-peru" => Decimal::from(10),
-                    // USDC has much lower fees.
-                    "blockchain_usdc_polygon" => {
-                        Decimal::from(10) / Decimal::from(100)
+        .map(
+            |(id, currency, countries, fiat_and_rail_code)| PayoutMethod {
+                id: id.to_string(),
+                type_: PayoutMethodType::MuralPay,
+                name: format!("Mural Pay - {currency}"),
+                category: None,
+                supported_countries: countries
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|s| s.to_string())
+                    .collect(),
+                image_url: None,
+                image_logo_url: None,
+                interval: PayoutInterval::Standard {
+                    min: if let Some(fiat_and_rail_code) = fiat_and_rail_code {
+                        flow::mural::min_usd_fiat(fiat_and_rail_code)
+                    } else {
+                        flow::mural::MIN_USD_BLOCKCHAIN
                     }
-                    _ => Decimal::from(5),
+                    .get(),
+                    max: flow::mural::MAX_USD.get(),
                 },
-                max: Decimal::from(10_000),
+                currency_code: None,
+                exchange_rate: None,
             },
-            fee: PayoutMethodFee {
-                percentage: Decimal::from(1) / Decimal::from(100),
-                min: Decimal::ZERO,
-                max: Some(Decimal::ZERO),
-            },
-            currency_code: None,
-            exchange_rate: None,
-        })
+        )
         .collect()
 }
 
@@ -444,13 +446,8 @@ impl PayoutsQueue {
                     image_url: None,
                     image_logo_url: None,
                     interval: PayoutInterval::Standard {
-                        min: Decimal::from(1) / Decimal::from(4),
-                        max: Decimal::from(100_000),
-                    },
-                    fee: PayoutMethodFee {
-                        percentage: Decimal::from(2) / Decimal::from(100),
-                        min: Decimal::from(1) / Decimal::from(4),
-                        max: Some(Decimal::from(1)),
+                        min: flow::paypal::MIN_USD.get(),
+                        max: flow::paypal::MAX_USD.get(),
                     },
                     currency_code: None,
                     exchange_rate: None,
@@ -622,133 +619,6 @@ impl PayoutsQueue {
                     / Decimal::from(100),
             }))
     }
-
-    pub async fn calculate_fees(
-        &self,
-        request: &PayoutMethodRequest,
-        method_id: &str,
-        amount: Decimal2dp,
-    ) -> Result<PayoutFees, ApiError> {
-        const MURAL_FEE: Decimal = dec!(0.01);
-
-        let get_method = async {
-            let method = self
-                .get_payout_methods()
-                .await
-                .wrap_internal_err("failed to fetch payout methods")?
-                .into_iter()
-                .find(|method| method.id == method_id)
-                .wrap_request_err("invalid payout method ID")?;
-            Ok::<_, ApiError>(method)
-        };
-
-        let fees = match request {
-            PayoutMethodRequest::MuralPay {
-                method_details:
-                    MuralPayDetails {
-                        payout_details: MuralPayoutRequest::Blockchain { .. },
-                        ..
-                    },
-            } => PayoutFees {
-                method_fee: Decimal2dp::ZERO,
-                platform_fee: amount
-                    .mul_round(MURAL_FEE, RoundingStrategy::AwayFromZero),
-                exchange_rate: None,
-            },
-            PayoutMethodRequest::MuralPay {
-                method_details:
-                    MuralPayDetails {
-                        payout_details:
-                            MuralPayoutRequest::Fiat {
-                                fiat_and_rail_details,
-                                ..
-                            },
-                        ..
-                    },
-            } => {
-                let fiat_and_rail_code = fiat_and_rail_details.code();
-                let fee = self
-                    .compute_muralpay_fees(amount, fiat_and_rail_code)
-                    .await?;
-
-                match fee {
-                    muralpay::TokenPayoutFee::Success {
-                        exchange_rate,
-                        fee_total,
-                        ..
-                    } => PayoutFees {
-                        method_fee: Decimal2dp::rounded(
-                            fee_total.token_amount,
-                            RoundingStrategy::AwayFromZero,
-                        ),
-                        platform_fee: amount.mul_round(
-                            MURAL_FEE,
-                            RoundingStrategy::AwayFromZero,
-                        ),
-                        exchange_rate: Some(exchange_rate),
-                    },
-                    muralpay::TokenPayoutFee::Error { message, .. } => {
-                        return Err(ApiError::Internal(eyre!(
-                            "failed to compute fee: {message}"
-                        )));
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            PayoutMethodRequest::PayPal | PayoutMethodRequest::Venmo => {
-                let method = get_method.await?;
-                let fee = Decimal2dp::rounded(
-                    method.fee.compute_fee(amount),
-                    RoundingStrategy::AwayFromZero,
-                );
-                PayoutFees {
-                    method_fee: fee,
-                    platform_fee: Decimal2dp::ZERO,
-                    exchange_rate: None,
-                }
-            }
-            PayoutMethodRequest::Tremendous { method_details } => {
-                let method = get_method.await?;
-                let fee = Decimal2dp::rounded(
-                    method.fee.compute_fee(amount),
-                    RoundingStrategy::AwayFromZero,
-                );
-
-                let forex: TremendousForexResponse = self
-                    .make_tremendous_request(Method::GET, "forex", None::<()>)
-                    .await
-                    .wrap_internal_err("failed to fetch Tremendous forex")?;
-
-                let exchange_rate = if let Some(currency) =
-                    &method_details.currency
-                {
-                    let currency_code = currency.to_string();
-                    let exchange_rate =
-                        forex.forex.get(&currency_code).wrap_request_err_with(
-                            || eyre!("no Tremendous forex data for {currency}"),
-                        )?;
-                    Some(*exchange_rate)
-                } else {
-                    None
-                };
-
-                // In the Tremendous dashboard, we have configured it so that,
-                // if we make a $10 request for a premium method, *we* get
-                // charged an extra 4% - the user gets the full $10, and we get
-                // $10.40 subtracted from our Tremendous balance.
-                //
-                // To offset this, we (the platform) take the fees off before
-                // we send the request to Tremendous. Afterwards, the method
-                // (Tremendous) will take 0% off the top of our $10.
-                PayoutFees {
-                    method_fee: Decimal2dp::ZERO,
-                    platform_fee: fee,
-                    exchange_rate,
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        Ok(fees)
-    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
@@ -889,30 +759,6 @@ async fn get_tremendous_payout_methods(
             continue;
         };
 
-        // https://help.tremendous.com/hc/en-us/articles/41472317536787-Premium-reward-options
-        let fee = match product.category.as_str() {
-            "paypal" | "venmo" => PayoutMethodFee {
-                // If a user withdraws $10:
-                //
-                //   amount charged by Tremendous = X * 1.04 = $10.00
-                //
-                // We have to solve for X here:
-                //
-                //   X = $10.00 / 1.04
-                //
-                // So the percentage fee is `1 - (1 / 1.04)`
-                // Roughly 0.03846, not 0.04
-                percentage: dec!(1) - (dec!(1) / dec!(1.04)),
-                min: dec!(0.25),
-                max: None,
-            },
-            _ => PayoutMethodFee {
-                percentage: dec!(0),
-                min: dec!(0),
-                max: None,
-            },
-        };
-
         let Some(currency) = product.currency_codes.first() else {
             // cards with multiple currencies are not supported
             continue;
@@ -921,7 +767,6 @@ async fn get_tremendous_payout_methods(
             warn!("No Tremendous forex data for {currency}");
             continue;
         };
-        let currency_to_usd = dec!(1) / usd_to_currency;
 
         let method = PayoutMethod {
             id: product.id,
@@ -947,15 +792,15 @@ async fn get_tremendous_payout_methods(
                 let mut values = product
                     .skus
                     .into_iter()
-                    .map(|x| PayoutDecimal(x.min * currency_to_usd))
+                    .map(|x| PayoutDecimal(x.min))
                     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                 values.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0));
 
                 PayoutInterval::Fixed { values }
             } else if let Some(first) = product.skus.first() {
                 PayoutInterval::Standard {
-                    min: first.min * currency_to_usd,
-                    max: first.max * currency_to_usd,
+                    min: first.min,
+                    max: first.max,
                 }
             } else {
                 PayoutInterval::Standard {
@@ -963,7 +808,6 @@ async fn get_tremendous_payout_methods(
                     max: Decimal::from(5_000),
                 }
             },
-            fee,
             currency_code: Some(currency.clone()),
             exchange_rate: Some(usd_to_currency),
         };
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/mural.rs b/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/mural.rs
index d90d8c7f4..633da0811 100644
--- a/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/mural.rs
+++ b/apps/labrinth/src/queue/payouts/mural.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-use ariadne::ids::UserId;
 use chrono::Utc;
 use eyre::{Result, eyre};
 use futures::{StreamExt, TryFutureExt, stream::FuturesUnordered};
 use modrinth_util::decimal::Decimal2dp;
-use muralpay::{MuralError, TokenFeeRequest};
 use rust_decimal::{Decimal, prelude::ToPrimitive};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use sqlx::PgPool;
@@ -12,8 +10,8 @@ use tracing::{info, trace, warn};
 use crate::{
     database::models::DBPayoutId,
     models::payouts::{PayoutMethodType, PayoutStatus},
-    queue::payouts::{AccountBalance, PayoutFees, PayoutsQueue},
-    routes::ApiError,
+    queue::payouts::{AccountBalance, PayoutsQueue},
+    routes::{ApiError, internal::gotenberg::GotenbergDocument},
     util::{
         error::Context,
         gotenberg::{GotenbergClient, PaymentStatement},
@@ -34,83 +32,21 @@ pub enum MuralPayoutRequest {
 }
 
 impl PayoutsQueue {
-    pub async fn compute_muralpay_fees(
-        &self,
-        amount: Decimal2dp,
-        fiat_and_rail_code: muralpay::FiatAndRailCode,
-    ) -> Result<muralpay::TokenPayoutFee, ApiError> {
-        let muralpay = self.muralpay.load();
-        let muralpay = muralpay
-            .as_ref()
-            .wrap_internal_err("Mural Pay client not available")?;
-
-        let fees = muralpay
-            .client
-            .get_fees_for_token_amount(&[TokenFeeRequest {
-                amount: muralpay::TokenAmount {
-                    token_symbol: muralpay::USDC.into(),
-                    token_amount: amount.get(),
-                },
-                fiat_and_rail_code,
-            }])
-            .await
-            .wrap_internal_err("failed to request fees")?;
-        let fee = fees
-            .into_iter()
-            .next()
-            .wrap_internal_err("no fees returned")?;
-        Ok(fee)
-    }
-
-    pub async fn create_muralpay_payout_request(
+    pub async fn create_mural_payment_statement_doc(
         &self,
         payout_id: DBPayoutId,
-        user_id: UserId,
-        gross_amount: Decimal2dp,
-        fees: PayoutFees,
-        payout_details: MuralPayoutRequest,
-        recipient_info: muralpay::CreatePayoutRecipientInfo,
+        net_usd: Decimal2dp,
+        total_fee_usd: Decimal2dp,
+        recipient_info: &muralpay::CreatePayoutRecipientInfo,
         gotenberg: &GotenbergClient,
-    ) -> Result<muralpay::PayoutRequest, ApiError> {
-        let muralpay = self.muralpay.load();
-        let muralpay = muralpay
-            .as_ref()
-            .wrap_internal_err("Mural Pay client not available")?;
-
-        let payout_details = match payout_details {
-            crate::queue::payouts::mural::MuralPayoutRequest::Fiat {
-                bank_name,
-                bank_account_owner,
-                fiat_and_rail_details,
-            } => muralpay::CreatePayoutDetails::Fiat {
-                bank_name,
-                bank_account_owner,
-                developer_fee: None,
-                fiat_and_rail_details,
-            },
-            crate::queue::payouts::mural::MuralPayoutRequest::Blockchain {
-                wallet_address,
-            } => {
-                muralpay::CreatePayoutDetails::Blockchain {
-                    wallet_details: muralpay::WalletDetails {
-                        // only Polygon chain is currently supported
-                        blockchain: muralpay::Blockchain::Polygon,
-                        wallet_address,
-                    },
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Mural takes `fees.method_fee` off the top of the amount we tell them to send
-        let sent_to_method = gross_amount - fees.platform_fee;
-        // ..so the net is `gross - platform_fee - method_fee`
-        let net_amount = gross_amount - fees.total_fee();
+    ) -> Result<GotenbergDocument, ApiError> {
+        let gross_usd = net_usd + total_fee_usd;
 
         let recipient_address = recipient_info.physical_address();
         let recipient_email = recipient_info.email().to_string();
-        let gross_amount_cents = gross_amount.get() * Decimal::from(100);
-        let net_amount_cents = net_amount.get() * Decimal::from(100);
-        let fees_cents = fees.total_fee().get() * Decimal::from(100);
+        let gross_cents = gross_usd.get() * Decimal::from(100);
+        let net_cents = net_usd.get() * Decimal::from(100);
+        let fees_cents = total_fee_usd.get() * Decimal::from(100);
         let address_line_3 = format!(
             "{}, {}, {}",
             recipient_address.city,
@@ -125,12 +61,12 @@ impl PayoutsQueue {
             recipient_address_line_3: Some(address_line_3),
             recipient_email,
             payment_date: Utc::now(),
-            gross_amount_cents: gross_amount_cents
+            gross_amount_cents: gross_cents
                 .to_i64()
-                .wrap_internal_err_with(|| eyre!("gross amount of cents `{gross_amount_cents}` cannot be expressed as an `i64`"))?,
-            net_amount_cents: net_amount_cents
+                .wrap_internal_err_with(|| eyre!("gross amount of cents `{gross_cents}` cannot be expressed as an `i64`"))?,
+            net_amount_cents: net_cents
                 .to_i64()
-                .wrap_internal_err_with(|| eyre!("net amount of cents `{net_amount_cents}` cannot be expressed as an `i64`"))?,
+                .wrap_internal_err_with(|| eyre!("net amount of cents `{net_cents}` cannot be expressed as an `i64`"))?,
             fees_cents: fees_cents
                 .to_i64()
                 .wrap_internal_err_with(|| eyre!("fees amount of cents `{fees_cents}` cannot be expressed as an `i64`"))?,
@@ -152,55 +88,7 @@ impl PayoutsQueue {
         // )
         // .unwrap();
 
-        let payout = muralpay::CreatePayout {
-            amount: muralpay::TokenAmount {
-                token_amount: sent_to_method.get(),
-                token_symbol: muralpay::USDC.into(),
-            },
-            payout_details,
-            recipient_info,
-            supporting_details: Some(muralpay::SupportingDetails {
-                supporting_document: Some(format!(
-                    "data:application/pdf;base64,{}",
-                    payment_statement_doc.body
-                )),
-                payout_purpose: Some(muralpay::PayoutPurpose::VendorPayment),
-            }),
-        };
-
-        let payout_request = muralpay
-            .client
-            .create_payout_request(
-                muralpay.source_account_id,
-                Some(format!("User {user_id}")),
-                &[payout],
-            )
-            .await
-            .map_err(|err| match err {
-                MuralError::Api(err) => ApiError::Mural(Box::new(err)),
-                err => ApiError::Internal(
-                    eyre!(err).wrap_err("failed to create payout request"),
-                ),
-            })?;
-
-        Ok(payout_request)
-    }
-
-    pub async fn execute_mural_payout_request(
-        &self,
-        id: muralpay::PayoutRequestId,
-    ) -> Result<(), ApiError> {
-        let muralpay = self.muralpay.load();
-        let muralpay = muralpay
-            .as_ref()
-            .wrap_internal_err("Mural Pay client not available")?;
-
-        muralpay
-            .client
-            .execute_payout_request(id)
-            .await
-            .wrap_internal_err("failed to execute payout request")?;
-        Ok(())
+        Ok(payment_statement_doc)
     }
 
     pub async fn cancel_mural_payout_request(
diff --git a/apps/labrinth/src/routes/v3/payouts.rs b/apps/labrinth/src/routes/v3/payouts.rs
index 3c83d87bf..0ed13f2c6 100644
--- a/apps/labrinth/src/routes/v3/payouts.rs
+++ b/apps/labrinth/src/routes/v3/payouts.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,12 @@
 use crate::auth::validate::get_user_record_from_bearer_token;
 use crate::auth::{AuthenticationError, get_user_from_headers};
-use crate::database::models::payout_item::DBPayout;
-use crate::database::models::{DBPayoutId, DBUser, DBUserId};
+use crate::database::models::DBUserId;
 use crate::database::models::{generate_payout_id, users_compliance};
 use crate::database::redis::RedisPool;
 use crate::models::ids::PayoutId;
 use crate::models::pats::Scopes;
-use crate::models::payouts::{
-    MuralPayDetails, PayoutMethodRequest, PayoutMethodType, PayoutStatus,
-    TremendousDetails, TremendousForexResponse,
-};
-use crate::queue::payouts::mural::MuralPayoutRequest;
-use crate::queue::payouts::{PayoutFees, PayoutsQueue};
+use crate::models::payouts::{PayoutMethodType, PayoutStatus, Withdrawal};
+use crate::queue::payouts::PayoutsQueue;
 use crate::queue::session::AuthQueue;
 use crate::routes::ApiError;
 use crate::util::avalara1099;
@@ -19,16 +14,14 @@ use crate::util::error::Context;
 use crate::util::gotenberg::GotenbergClient;
 use actix_web::{HttpRequest, HttpResponse, delete, get, post, web};
 use chrono::{DateTime, Duration, Utc};
-use eyre::eyre;
 use hex::ToHex;
 use hmac::{Hmac, Mac};
 use modrinth_util::decimal::Decimal2dp;
 use reqwest::Method;
-use rust_decimal::{Decimal, RoundingStrategy};
+use rust_decimal::Decimal;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use serde_json::json;
 use sha2::Sha256;
-use sqlx::{PgPool, PgTransaction};
+use sqlx::PgPool;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use tokio_stream::StreamExt;
 use tracing::error;
@@ -422,16 +415,9 @@ pub async fn tremendous_webhook(
     Ok(HttpResponse::NoContent().finish())
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize, utoipa::ToSchema)]
-pub struct Withdrawal {
-    amount: Decimal2dp,
-    #[serde(flatten)]
-    method: PayoutMethodRequest,
-    method_id: String,
-}
-
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct WithdrawalFees {
+    pub net_usd: Decimal2dp,
     pub fee: Decimal2dp,
     pub exchange_rate: Option<Decimal>,
 }
@@ -459,13 +445,12 @@ pub async fn calculate_fees(
         ApiError::Authentication(AuthenticationError::InvalidCredentials)
     })?;
 
-    let fees = payouts_queue
-        .calculate_fees(&body.method, &body.method_id, body.amount)
-        .await?;
+    let payout_flow = payouts_queue.create_payout_flow(body.0).await?;
 
     Ok(web::Json(WithdrawalFees {
-        fee: fees.total_fee(),
-        exchange_rate: fees.exchange_rate,
+        net_usd: payout_flow.net_usd,
+        fee: payout_flow.total_fee_usd,
+        exchange_rate: payout_flow.forex_usd_to_currency,
     }))
 }
 
@@ -581,63 +566,19 @@ pub async fn create_payout(
         ));
     }
 
-    let fees = payouts_queue
-        .calculate_fees(&body.method, &body.method_id, body.amount)
-        .await
-        .wrap_internal_err("failed to compute fees")?;
-
-    // fees are a bit complicated here, since we have 2 types:
-    // - method fees - this is what Tremendous, Mural, etc. will take from us
-    //   without us having a say in it
-    // - platform fees - this is what we deliberately keep for ourselves
-    // - total fees - method fees + platform fees
-    //
-    // we first make sure that `amount - total fees` is greater than zero,
-    // then we issue a payout request with `amount - platform fees`
-
-    let amount_minus_fee = body.amount - fees.total_fee();
-    if amount_minus_fee <= Decimal::ZERO {
-        return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(
-            "You need to withdraw more to cover the fee!".to_string(),
-        ));
-    }
-
-    let sent_to_method = body.amount - fees.platform_fee;
-    if sent_to_method <= Decimal::ZERO {
-        return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(
-            "You need to withdraw more to cover the fee!".to_string(),
-        ));
-    }
+    let payout_flow = payouts_queue.create_payout_flow(body.0).await?;
+    let payout_flow = match payout_flow.validate(balance.available) {
+        Ok(flow) => flow,
+        Err(err) => return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(err.to_string())),
+    };
 
     let payout_id = generate_payout_id(&mut transaction)
         .await
         .wrap_internal_err("failed to generate payout ID")?;
 
-    let payout_cx = PayoutContext {
-        body: &body,
-        user: &user,
-        payout_id,
-        gross_amount: body.amount,
-        fees,
-        amount_minus_fee,
-        total_fee: fees.total_fee(),
-        sent_to_method,
-        payouts_queue: &payouts_queue,
-        db: PgPool::clone(&pool),
-        transaction,
-    };
-
-    match &body.method {
-        PayoutMethodRequest::PayPal | PayoutMethodRequest::Venmo => {
-            paypal_payout(payout_cx).await?;
-        }
-        PayoutMethodRequest::Tremendous { method_details } => {
-            tremendous_payout(payout_cx, method_details).await?;
-        }
-        PayoutMethodRequest::MuralPay { method_details } => {
-            mural_pay_payout(payout_cx, method_details, &gotenberg).await?;
-        }
-    }
+    payout_flow
+        .execute(&payouts_queue, &user, payout_id, transaction, &gotenberg)
+        .await?;
 
     crate::database::models::DBUser::clear_caches(&[(user.id, None)], &redis)
         .await
@@ -646,425 +587,6 @@ pub async fn create_payout(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-struct PayoutContext<'a> {
-    body: &'a Withdrawal,
-    user: &'a DBUser,
-    payout_id: DBPayoutId,
-    gross_amount: Decimal2dp,
-    fees: PayoutFees,
-    /// Set as the [`DBPayout::amount`] field.
-    amount_minus_fee: Decimal2dp,
-    /// Set as the [`DBPayout::fee`] field.
-    total_fee: Decimal2dp,
-    sent_to_method: Decimal2dp,
-    payouts_queue: &'a PayoutsQueue,
-    db: PgPool,
-    transaction: PgTransaction<'a>,
-}
-
-fn get_verified_email(user: &DBUser) -> Result<&str, ApiError> {
-    let email = user.email.as_ref().wrap_request_err(
-        "you must add an email to your account to withdraw",
-    )?;
-    if !user.email_verified {
-        return Err(ApiError::Request(eyre!(
-            "you must verify your email to withdraw"
-        )));
-    }
-
-    Ok(email)
-}
-
-async fn tremendous_payout(
-    PayoutContext {
-        body,
-        user,
-        payout_id,
-        gross_amount: _,
-        fees: _,
-        amount_minus_fee,
-        total_fee,
-        sent_to_method,
-        payouts_queue,
-        db: _,
-        mut transaction,
-    }: PayoutContext<'_>,
-    TremendousDetails {
-        delivery_email,
-        currency,
-    }: &TremendousDetails,
-) -> Result<(), ApiError> {
-    let user_email = get_verified_email(user)?;
-
-    #[derive(Deserialize)]
-    struct Reward {
-        pub id: String,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Deserialize)]
-    struct Order {
-        pub rewards: Vec<Reward>,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Deserialize)]
-    struct TremendousResponse {
-        pub order: Order,
-    }
-
-    let forex: TremendousForexResponse = payouts_queue
-        .make_tremendous_request(Method::GET, "forex", None::<()>)
-        .await
-        .wrap_internal_err("failed to fetch Tremendous forex data")?;
-
-    let (denomination, currency_code) = if let Some(currency) = currency {
-        let currency_code = currency.to_string();
-        let exchange_rate =
-            forex.forex.get(&currency_code).wrap_internal_err_with(|| {
-                eyre!("no Tremendous forex data for {currency}")
-            })?;
-        (
-            sent_to_method.mul_round(*exchange_rate, RoundingStrategy::ToZero),
-            Some(currency_code),
-        )
-    } else {
-        (sent_to_method, None)
-    };
-
-    let reward_value = if let Some(currency_code) = currency_code {
-        json!({
-            "denomination": denomination,
-            "currency_code": currency_code,
-        })
-    } else {
-        json!({
-            "denomination": denomination,
-        })
-    };
-
-    let res: TremendousResponse = payouts_queue
-        .make_tremendous_request(
-            Method::POST,
-            "orders",
-            Some(json! ({
-                "payment": {
-                    "funding_source_id": "BALANCE",
-                },
-                "rewards": [{
-                    "value": reward_value,
-                    "delivery": {
-                        "method": "EMAIL"
-                    },
-                    "recipient": {
-                        "name": user.username,
-                        "email": delivery_email
-                    },
-                    "products": [
-                        &body.method_id,
-                    ],
-                    "campaign_id": dotenvy::var("TREMENDOUS_CAMPAIGN_ID")?,
-                }]
-            })),
-        )
-        .await?;
-
-    let platform_id = res.order.rewards.first().map(|reward| reward.id.clone());
-
-    DBPayout {
-        id: payout_id,
-        user_id: user.id,
-        created: Utc::now(),
-        status: PayoutStatus::InTransit,
-        amount: amount_minus_fee.get(),
-        fee: Some(total_fee.get()),
-        method: Some(PayoutMethodType::Tremendous),
-        method_id: Some(body.method_id.clone()),
-        method_address: Some(user_email.to_string()),
-        platform_id,
-    }
-    .insert(&mut transaction)
-    .await
-    .wrap_internal_err("failed to insert payout")?;
-
-    transaction
-        .commit()
-        .await
-        .wrap_internal_err("failed to commit transaction")?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-async fn mural_pay_payout(
-    PayoutContext {
-        body: _,
-        user,
-        payout_id,
-        gross_amount,
-        fees,
-        amount_minus_fee,
-        total_fee,
-        sent_to_method: _,
-        payouts_queue,
-        db,
-        mut transaction,
-    }: PayoutContext<'_>,
-    details: &MuralPayDetails,
-    gotenberg: &GotenbergClient,
-) -> Result<(), ApiError> {
-    let user_email = get_verified_email(user)?;
-
-    let method_id = match &details.payout_details {
-        MuralPayoutRequest::Blockchain { .. } => {
-            "blockchain-usdc-polygon".to_string()
-        }
-        MuralPayoutRequest::Fiat {
-            fiat_and_rail_details,
-            ..
-        } => fiat_and_rail_details.code().to_string(),
-    };
-
-    // Once the Mural payout request has been created successfully,
-    // then we *must* commit the payout into the DB,
-    // to link the Mural payout request to the `payout` row.
-    // Even if we can't execute the payout.
-    // For this, we immediately insert and commit the txn.
-    // Otherwise if we don't put it into the DB, we've got a ghost Mural
-    // payout with no related database entry.
-    //
-    // However, this doesn't mean that the payout will definitely go through.
-    // For this, we need to execute it, and handle errors.
-
-    let payout_request = payouts_queue
-        .create_muralpay_payout_request(
-            payout_id,
-            user.id.into(),
-            gross_amount,
-            fees,
-            details.payout_details.clone(),
-            details.recipient_info.clone(),
-            gotenberg,
-        )
-        .await?;
-
-    let payout = DBPayout {
-        id: payout_id,
-        user_id: user.id,
-        created: Utc::now(),
-        // after the payout has been successfully executed,
-        // we wait for Mural's confirmation that the funds have been delivered
-        // done in `SyncPayoutStatuses` background task
-        status: PayoutStatus::InTransit,
-        amount: amount_minus_fee.get(),
-        fee: Some(total_fee.get()),
-        method: Some(PayoutMethodType::MuralPay),
-        method_id: Some(method_id),
-        method_address: Some(user_email.to_string()),
-        platform_id: Some(payout_request.id.to_string()),
-    };
-    payout
-        .insert(&mut transaction)
-        .await
-        .wrap_internal_err("failed to insert payout")?;
-
-    transaction
-        .commit()
-        .await
-        .wrap_internal_err("failed to commit payout insert transaction")?;
-
-    // try to immediately execute the payout request...
-    // use a poor man's try/catch block using this `async move {}`
-    // to catch any errors within this block
-    let result = async move {
-        payouts_queue
-            .execute_mural_payout_request(payout_request.id)
-            .await
-            .wrap_internal_err("failed to execute payout request")?;
-        eyre::Ok(())
-    }
-    .await;
-
-    // and if it fails, make sure to immediately cancel it -
-    // we don't want floating payout requests
-    if let Err(err) = result {
-        if let Err(err) = sqlx::query!(
-            "
-            UPDATE payouts
-            SET status = $1
-            WHERE id = $2
-            ",
-            PayoutStatus::Failed.as_str(),
-            payout.id as _,
-        )
-        .execute(&db)
-        .await
-        {
-            error!(
-                "Created a Mural payout request, but failed to execute it, \
-                and failed to mark the payout as failed: {err:#?}"
-            );
-        }
-
-        payouts_queue
-            .cancel_mural_payout_request(payout_request.id)
-            .await
-            .wrap_internal_err_with(|| {
-                eyre!("failed to cancel unexecuted payout request\noriginal error: {err:#?}")
-            })?;
-
-        return Err(ApiError::Internal(err));
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-async fn paypal_payout(
-    PayoutContext {
-        body,
-        user,
-        payout_id,
-        gross_amount: _,
-        fees: _,
-        amount_minus_fee,
-        total_fee,
-        sent_to_method,
-        payouts_queue,
-        db: _,
-        mut transaction,
-    }: PayoutContext<'_>,
-) -> Result<(), ApiError> {
-    let (wallet, wallet_type, address, display_address) =
-        if matches!(body.method, PayoutMethodRequest::Venmo) {
-            if let Some(venmo) = &user.venmo_handle {
-                ("Venmo", "user_handle", venmo.clone(), venmo)
-            } else {
-                return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(
-                    "Venmo address has not been set for account!".to_string(),
-                ));
-            }
-        } else if let Some(paypal_id) = &user.paypal_id {
-            if let Some(paypal_country) = &user.paypal_country {
-                if paypal_country == "US" && &*body.method_id != "paypal_us" {
-                    return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(
-                        "Please use the US PayPal transfer option!".to_string(),
-                    ));
-                } else if paypal_country != "US"
-                    && &*body.method_id == "paypal_us"
-                {
-                    return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(
-                        "Please use the International PayPal transfer option!"
-                            .to_string(),
-                    ));
-                }
-
-                (
-                    "PayPal",
-                    "paypal_id",
-                    paypal_id.clone(),
-                    user.paypal_email.as_ref().unwrap_or(paypal_id),
-                )
-            } else {
-                return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(
-                    "Please re-link your PayPal account!".to_string(),
-                ));
-            }
-        } else {
-            return Err(ApiError::InvalidInput(
-                "You have not linked a PayPal account!".to_string(),
-            ));
-        };
-
-    #[derive(Deserialize)]
-    struct PayPalLink {
-        href: String,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Deserialize)]
-    struct PayoutsResponse {
-        pub links: Vec<PayPalLink>,
-    }
-
-    let res: PayoutsResponse = payouts_queue.make_paypal_request(
-        Method::POST,
-        "payments/payouts",
-        Some(
-            json!({
-                "sender_batch_header": {
-                    "sender_batch_id": format!("{}-payouts", Utc::now().to_rfc3339()),
-                    "email_subject": "You have received a payment from Modrinth!",
-                    "email_message": "Thank you for creating projects on Modrinth. Please claim this payment within 30 days.",
-                },
-                "items": [{
-                    "amount": {
-                        "currency": "USD",
-                        "value": sent_to_method.to_string()
-                    },
-                    "receiver": address,
-                    "note": "Payment from Modrinth creator monetization program",
-                    "recipient_type": wallet_type,
-                    "recipient_wallet": wallet,
-                    "sender_item_id": crate::models::ids::PayoutId::from(payout_id),
-                }]
-            })
-        ),
-        None,
-        None
-    ).await?;
-
-    let link = res
-        .links
-        .first()
-        .wrap_request_err("no PayPal links available")?;
-
-    #[derive(Deserialize)]
-    struct PayoutItem {
-        pub payout_item_id: String,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Deserialize)]
-    struct PayoutData {
-        pub items: Vec<PayoutItem>,
-    }
-
-    let res = payouts_queue
-        .make_paypal_request::<(), PayoutData>(
-            Method::GET,
-            &link.href,
-            None,
-            None,
-            Some(true),
-        )
-        .await
-        .wrap_internal_err("failed to make PayPal request")?;
-    let data = res
-        .items
-        .first()
-        .wrap_internal_err("no payout items returned from PayPal request")?;
-
-    let platform_id = Some(data.payout_item_id.clone());
-
-    DBPayout {
-        id: payout_id,
-        user_id: user.id,
-        created: Utc::now(),
-        status: PayoutStatus::InTransit,
-        amount: amount_minus_fee.get(),
-        fee: Some(total_fee.get()),
-        method: Some(body.method.method_type()),
-        method_id: Some(body.method_id.clone()),
-        method_address: Some(display_address.clone()),
-        platform_id,
-    }
-    .insert(&mut transaction)
-    .await
-    .wrap_internal_err("failed to insert payout")?;
-
-    transaction
-        .commit()
-        .await
-        .wrap_internal_err("failed to commit transaction")?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 /// User performing a payout-related action.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, utoipa::ToSchema)]
 #[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "snake_case")]
diff --git a/packages/modrinth-util/src/decimal.rs b/packages/modrinth-util/src/decimal.rs
index ec5771b38..dcff01bf7 100644
--- a/packages/modrinth-util/src/decimal.rs
+++ b/packages/modrinth-util/src/decimal.rs
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ impl<const DP: u32> DecimalDp<DP> {
         }
     }
 
+    pub const fn new_unchecked(v: Decimal) -> Self {
+        Self(v)
+    }
+
     pub fn get(self) -> Decimal {
         self.0
     }